Non-Traditional Risk Factors as Contributors to Cardiovascular Disease

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the primary causes morbidity and mortality worldwide. Classic cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), hyperlipidemia, smoking, have been well identified given increased attention in clinical practice. However, incidence prevalence CVD high, especially developing countries. Therefore, there has more to non-traditional factors gut microbiota, sleep disorders, dietary structure, psychosocial their important roles development CVD. In this review we summarize association with aim further reducing